軍隊文職身體_軍隊文職考試

解放軍文職招聘考試身體健康類-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊文職考試-紅師教育

發(fā)布時間：2017-06-29 11:32:21（1）1997年真題。Directions:Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 120 words.Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:1. Interpret the following pictures.2. Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons.真題分析：這是典型的圖表+提綱式的命題，題目中提供的材料十分豐富，包括柱狀圖、餅狀圖以及其他相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。組圖充分反映了當代煙草消費的規(guī)模、危害和趨勢，是人們普遍關(guān)心的熱點話題之一。通過對組圖的分析，我們可以看出煙草在全世界有著十分龐大的消費群體規(guī)模，每年因為煙草消費消耗的資金數(shù)額大得驚人，同時也有數(shù)以百萬計的人由于煙草消費而被奪去了生命。當然，我們從圖中也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一個令人欣喜的趨勢，那就是煙草的總產(chǎn)量在近幾年呈下降的態(tài)勢，一定程度上說明了煙草消費引起的健康問題開始得到了人們的重視，并出現(xiàn)了相關(guān)的解決措施。思路拓展：近年來國人越來越關(guān)注健康問題，隨著2008年北京奧運會的即將到來，在中國更是掀起了全民健身的熱潮。因此健康問題將是中國社會的一個長期熱點問題，考生應(yīng)該在這方面積累素材、有所準備。相關(guān)話題可以引申到知識分子的身體健康問題、全民健身熱潮、健康意識、鍛煉身體的習(xí)慣、健康與安全等等，這些都是平時經(jīng)?？梢杂龅降囊恍┰掝}。Tobacco is one of the commodities that are consumed in an immense amount worldwide. From the pictures, we can learn that the global smoking population amounts to 1.1 billion, approximately 20% of all the worlds residents. 200 billion dollars are spent annually in order to purchase tobacco and relevant products, which further stimulate the business flourishing development. Meanwhile, the harm caused by tobacco consumption is experiencing a similar upward trend statistics indicates that 3,000,000 people die of smoking and related diseases every year.Nevertheless, given the pessimistic statistics at the present, we can still predict optimistically that tobacco consumption will decline based on several new tendencies that are emerging. In the first place, there is an extensive public awareness of the negative impact of smoking, and as a result, more people resist the tempetation of cigarettes. In the second place, governments are setting more regulations to limit tobacco production. The effectiveness of such a policy was testified by the prompt drop of the tobacco production from 14.364 billion in 1994 pounds to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995 as seen in the picture.In short, I firmly believe that, with the efforts of the whole society, we can launch more movements to realize a cleaner world with less smoking.煙草是一種在全世界有著巨大消費量的商品。從圖中我們可以看出，全世界的煙民已經(jīng)到達了11億，約占全世界總?cè)丝诘?0%。人們每年花在購買煙草以及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的費用就達20億美元，進一步促進了煙草業(yè)的繁榮。同時，煙草消費帶來的危害也日益增長 統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示每年有300萬人死于由抽煙引起的相關(guān)疾病。盡管目前的數(shù)據(jù)非常悲觀，但是從一些新的趨勢中，我們可以樂觀地預(yù)測煙草消費將會有所下降。首先，公眾普遍意識到了抽煙的負面效應(yīng)，因此，越來越多的人拒絕煙癮。其次，各國政府正在制定各項措施限制煙草的生產(chǎn)。圖中顯示煙草生產(chǎn)從1994年的143.64億磅下降到了1995年的14.2億磅，這就證明了政府措施的有效性?？偠灾?，我堅信在全社會的努力下，我們可以發(fā)起更多的運動，來實現(xiàn)一個更干凈的無煙世界。閃光詞匯及詞組：in an immense amount: 以極大的數(shù)量amount to: 達到，總計approximately: adv. 大約，近似annually: adv. 年度地，每年一次purchase: v./ n. 采購，購買flourishing: adj. 繁榮的，欣欣向榮的decline: 下降、衰落emerge: v. 出現(xiàn)，浮出temptation: n. 誘惑testify: v. 測試launch: v. 發(fā)行，發(fā)起，投入萬能句型：From the pictures, we can learn thatNevertheless, given the pessimistic statistics at the present, we can still predict optimistically thatIn the first place In the second placeIn short, I firmly believe that(2) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) state your point of view.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.知識分子健康差壽命短The picture depicts a typical Chinese scholar who keeps working late at night, while the presence of his wife and child behind clearly indicates the man s pressure of supporting a whole family. What is strikingly noticeable is the scholar s exceptional skinniness, but it can be easily explained by the simple food, bottles of medicine, and poor working environment shown in the picture.The discernable unhealthiness of this hard-working scholar discloses a prevalent phenomenon that has long existed in China s academia. Intellectuals are not highly respected and they enjoy unsatisfactory material benefits with particularly unattractive salaries due to low social position. In addition, family, social, and academic stresses are so immensely exerted on intellectuals that they are forced to work diligently and ceaselessly. As a result, the integration of poor living conditions and work pressure leads naturally to their poor health and short life-span, just as the picture shows us.The situation is rather depressing because intellectuals in fact contribute greatly to our country s development, and it is largely owing to their painstaking efforts that pave the way for advancement and prosperity. To solve this problem, I think there should be a thriving social trend of showing respect to knowledge and intellects, and those who endeavor to explore new knowledge should be rewarded with good living and working conditions.這幅圖刻畫了一個典型的中國知識分子的形象，他一直工作到深夜，背后的妻子和孩子顯示了他有著很大的養(yǎng)家的壓力。值得我們注意的是這個學(xué)者格外削瘦，但這很容易通過圖中簡單的食物、藥罐以及較差的工作環(huán)境得到解釋。這個勤奮學(xué)者的不健康狀況顯示出中國學(xué)術(shù)界一個長期存在的現(xiàn)象。一方面，知識分子沒有受到尊重，他們享受的物質(zhì)條件也非常差，尤其是由于他們的社會地位很低，他們的工資也相應(yīng)地非常少。另一方面，知識分子們承擔(dān)著巨大的家庭、社會和學(xué)術(shù)壓力，導(dǎo)致他們被迫非常勤奮地不停地工作。因此，惡劣的生活條件和巨大的工作壓力自然導(dǎo)致他們較差的健康和較短的壽命，正如圖中告訴我們的那樣。這種情況非常令人失望，因為知識分子實際上對我們國家的發(fā)展做出了巨大的貢獻，而且正是因為他們的不懈努力引向了我國的發(fā)達和繁榮。為了解決這個問題，我認為全社會要掀起尊重知識、尊重知識分子的高潮，而那些辛勤地探索新知識的人們應(yīng)該得到較好的工作和生活環(huán)境等回報。閃光詞匯及詞組：exceptional: adj. 例外的，特別的skinniness: n. 消瘦discernable: adj. 可觀察到的，可辨別的disclose: v. 揭露，透露prevalent: n. 普遍的，流行的academia: n. 學(xué)術(shù)界immensely: adv. 非常，廣大的，巨大的diligently: adv 勤勉地life-span: n. 壽命painstaking: adj. 努力的pave the way to: 為 鋪平道路，為 做好準備endeavor: v. 努力，盡力萬能句型：The picture depictsWhat is strikingly noticeable isThe situation is rather depressing becauseTo solve the problem, I think there should beit is largely owing to(3) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) state your point of view.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.The picture depicts a man who is happily singing and walking home with his cute dog. He is coming back from work carrying his briefcase, and he must have stopped by the market on his way, buying vegetables and fish. As is suggested by the picture, he is exercising by waving the briefcase and basket together.The picture is thought-provoking in that it endeavors to convince its audience that we can actually exercise anywhere, as long as we have the awareness of preserving health by exercise. Nowadays a large number of people engage in brainwork, and lack adequate physical movement. Moreover, many of them hold this deep-rooted view that in order to exercise they must squeeze time from their full schedule to go to a gym. Therefore they tend not to exercise simply due to their scanty time. However, the fact is that it is quite easy for everybody to exercise while walking on streets, traveling on buses, and even lying on bed say, doing yoga.I reckon that the consciousness of maintaining health is significant for both individuals and the whole society. On the individual level, it is vividly evidenced by the man in the picture that his exercise improves his health and mood as well. On the social level, the improvement in quality of life contributes vastly to a harmonious society.這幅圖描繪了一個男人高興地一邊唱著歌一邊和他那可愛的小狗一起走回家。很顯然他領(lǐng)著公文包下班回來，而且順路去市場買了一些蔬菜和魚。圖中畫出了他揮動著分別拎著公文包和菜籃的雙手在做運動。這幅圖非常發(fā)人深思，它使人們相信我們其實可以在任何地方運動，只要我們有通過運動來保持健康的意識。當今時代有很多人都從事腦力勞動，因而缺乏足夠的身體運動。此外，很多人都有一種非常根深蒂固的想法，即為了鍛煉身體我們必須要從滿滿當當?shù)臅r間表中抽出一點時間去健身房鍛煉。因此他們都會因為時間不夠而逃避鍛煉。但是，實際上每個人都可以非常容易地通過在街上走路、坐公交車、甚至是在床上進行鍛煉，比如說做瑜伽。我認為保持健康的意識對于個人和整個社會都十分重要。對于個人來說，這幅圖上的男人生動地證明了通過鍛煉身體，既能促進健康又能改善心情。對于社會來說，人口生活質(zhì)量的改進會對和諧社會做出巨大的貢獻。閃光詞匯及詞組：cute: adj. 可愛的stop by: 順便經(jīng)過as long as: 只要preserve: v. 保持engage in: 使從事于, 參加brainwork: n. 腦力勞動adequate: adj. 足夠的deep-rooted: adj. 根深蒂固的squeeze: v. 擠出scanty: adj. 缺乏的，不足的yoga: n. 瑜伽reckon: v. 認為，估計evidence: v. 表明, 證明; 顯示utilize: v. 利用萬能句型：As is suggested by the pictureThe picture is thought-provoking in that it endeavors to convince its audience thatI reckon thatOn the individual level On the social level(4) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) state your point of view.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.The cartoon features a man who looks fat, wealthy and greedy for food. He is insatiably devouring a table of delicious food, while we are surprised to find that the waiter is serving him with even more dishes. We cannot help worrying whether this man s stomach can bear so heavy a load all of a sudden.As the caption points out, excessive love for food exerts negative influences on health. Whenever in front of dishes of superb taste, we need to keep in mind that a certain amount of food is enough to sustain us. Equally, the same truth applies to a bunch of our other habits. In other words, it is a must to limit any hobby, or else it may lead to disaster. Another typical example would be many folks devotion for computer games. Playing computer games now and then is an interesting entertainment, but an addiction to them would surely detach people from their time commitment to normal work and study.As a result, I believe that limitation plays a decisive role in maintaining healthy habits in our everyday life. Moreover, we should learn to control our desires and sometimes greed. Proper limitation always leads to a sound and jovial life.這幅圖刻畫了一個看起來很胖、很富有也很貪吃的男人。他正在毫不知足地吞吃著一桌的美食，而我們驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)服務(wù)員正在上更多的菜。但是，我們不禁擔(dān)心他的胃是否能夠一下子承擔(dān)如此多的負擔(dān)。正如標題所提示的那樣，貪吃對于人們的健康只會產(chǎn)生負面效應(yīng)。當我們面對一桌美味佳肴的時候，我們必須要謹記我們只需要一部分食物就足夠生活了。同樣，這個道理也適用于其他的生活習(xí)慣。也就是說，喜愛任何事物都必須要有一個 度 。否則就有可能導(dǎo)致悲劇。另一個典型例子就是很多人沉迷于電子游戲。偶爾玩一下電子游戲是一種非常好的娛樂方式，但是一旦上癮就會影響人們正常的學(xué)習(xí)和工作的時間投入。因此，我認為掌握好 度 對于保持我們在日常生活中健康的習(xí)慣起著關(guān)鍵性的作用。此外，我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會控制我們的欲望甚至貪婪。合適的 度 才能讓我們有一個健康、快樂和完整的生活。閃光詞匯及詞組：insatiably: adj. 不知足地，貪得無厭地devour: v. 吞吃superb: adj. 極好的keep in mind: 記住or else: 否則folk: n. 人們commitment: n. 許諾greed: n, 貪婪jovial: adj. 快活的，高興的萬能句型：The cartoon featureswhile we are surprised to find thatWe can not help worrying aboutAs the caption points out(5) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) state your point of view.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.The drawing shows a man who deposits a small amount of money into the bank and that turns out to be some fortune when he takes away the money later. One might think it is a bank advertisement, but in fact, as the subtitle suggests, it is a promotion that encourages all people to form the habit of exercising.The artist uses this unique metaphor in order to endow us with the concept that, to habitually exercise s is like to deposit money bit by bit in the bank. If we manage to exercise every day for a considerable period of time, the habit would contribute invaluably to our health. I firmly believe that exercise should become a life-long pursuit, part and parcel of our life. In this way, not only will our longevity be greatly lengthened, the improvement and maintenance of health could also lead to a happier life.At the eve of China s hosting the 2008 Olympic Games, I think it is high time to launch a campaign spurring every citizen to exercise. Though being difficult at the beginning, we should be aware that exercise is a long-term investment that might benefit us even more than our anticipation.這幅圖刻畫了一個男人把一筆錢存入銀行，以后當他取出這筆錢的時候已經(jīng)是一筆不小的財富了。我們可能會以為這是一個銀行的廣告，但是實際上題目暗示了這是在鼓勵人們養(yǎng)成鍛煉身體的好習(xí)慣。通過這個獨特的比喻，作畫者意在讓我們接受這樣的一個概念，即鍛煉身體的習(xí)慣就像往銀行中一點點地存錢。如果我們堅持在一段時間里每天鍛煉，這個習(xí)慣對于我們健康的貢獻將是無價的。而且我堅信鍛煉是一項一生都應(yīng)該堅持的事情，是我們生活的一個重要組成部分。這不僅能夠延長人們的壽命，而且健康的改進和保持會給人們帶來一個更加幸?？鞓返纳?。因此，在北京舉辦2008年奧運會的前夕，我認為這是一個非常好的時機發(fā)起全民健身的熱潮。盡管堅持這個習(xí)慣在一開始比較困難，但是我們應(yīng)該相信鍛煉是一種一生的投資，我們可能得到比我們預(yù)期更多的收獲。閃光詞匯及詞組：deposit: v. 存錢fortune: n. 財產(chǎn)，財富endow: v. 賦予concept: n. 概念habitually: adv. 習(xí)慣地bit by bit: 一點點地invaluably: adv. 無價地，非常貴重lengthen: v. 延長，加長at the eve: 在 之前spur: v. 鞭策，刺激investment: n. 投資anticipation: n. 期望萬能句型：One might think it is but in fact, as the subtitle suggests, it isThe artist uses this unique metaphor in order toI firmly believe thatAt the eve of I think it is high time to(6) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) state your point of view.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.What the drawing is trying to express is very conspicuous. It shows people who are energetically running, playing basketball, and doing other kinds of sports. Moreover, at the bottom of the picture are four huge characters, meaning sports and health , which targets at reminding us that sports and health are intrinsically connected.In today s world, most people are increasingly aware of the importance of maintaining health, so as to enjoying better life quality and longevity. In order to possess a healthy body, not only need we keep a nutritious diet and adequate sleep, it is crucial for individuals to form the habit of exercising regularly. Doing sports will greatly increase people s metabolism, and strengthen our physique.Sports also help to refresh people s mind from brainwork all day and night, and even more surprisingly, exercising can stimulate people s brains to work more actively and creatively.All in all, I firmly believe that sports are not the business of a small group of athletes, but a life-long pursuit that every person should bear in mind and endeavor to put it into practice. Not only do sports benefit individuals, the improvement of the nation s health would be a huge contribution to our country s development.這幅圖試圖表達的信息是非常明顯的。上面畫著人們在精力充沛地跑步、打籃球、以及做其他各種運動。此外，在圖的底部寫著四個巨大的字，意思是 運動 和 健康 ，意在提醒人們運動和健康是有著內(nèi)在的緊密聯(lián)系的。在當今社會，大多數(shù)人越來越意識到保持健康的重要性，這樣才能夠享受更好的生活質(zhì)量和長壽。為了得到一個健康的身體，我們不僅不要保持營養(yǎng)的飲食、充分的睡眠等，更重要的是人們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成有規(guī)律地鍛煉身體的習(xí)慣。一方面，運動可以大大改善人們的新陳代謝系統(tǒng)，是人們的身體結(jié)構(gòu)更加強壯。另一方面，運動能夠幫助人們在夜以繼日的腦力勞動后振奮精神，更驚人的是，鍛煉身體可以使我們的大腦更加積極和富有創(chuàng)意地工作?？偟膩碚f，我堅信運動不僅僅是運動員的事情，更是每一個人一生應(yīng)該堅持牢記在心和努力實踐的事情。不僅個人可以從運動中獲益，整體國民健康的提高對于我們國家的發(fā)展是一個巨大的貢獻。閃光詞匯及詞組：energetic: adj. 精力充沛的，積極的target: v. 把 作為目標intrinsic: adj. 內(nèi)在的，固有的，本質(zhì)的nutritious: adj. 有營養(yǎng)的adequate: adj. 充分的，足夠的crucial: adj. 至關(guān)緊要的metabolism: n. 新陳代謝refresh: v. (使)精神振作, (使)精力恢復(fù), 更新萬能句型：What the drawing is trying to express is very conspicuous.All in all, I firmly believe that(7) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) state your point of view.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.This picture describes the scene of a very typical family workshop which we might find in every neighborhood in China. A woman is busy making beancurd while her husband runs to her hilariously, saying that they have finally obtained the sanitation license . However, we find the condition of their workplace is quite disgusting, with flies circling and a hogpen nearby.The sanitation problem of family workshops in the food industry has existed for a long time. It can be mainly attributed to two factors. The first and perhaps key factor is the ignorance of sanitation. Many workshops are inherited family businesses, and thus the owners are used to following traditional craftwork that pays no attention on sanitation. The other reason lies on some businessmen s short of occupational disciplines. In order to save cost and make profit, they adopt the worst equipment in dirty conditions, regardless of consumer health. It has been proved that food produced in poor sanitary condition can greatly affect people s health and happiness.For the sake of benefiting people , our government has initiated aggressive programs to advocate the importance of sanitation. Illegal food workshops with unhealthy surrounding should never connive, but should be severely punished and forcefully closed.這幅圖描繪了一個非常典型的中國式家庭作坊的情景。一個女人正忙著做豆腐，此時他的丈夫歡天喜地地跑過來告訴她他們終于拿到了 衛(wèi)生許可證 。但是，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的工作場所的衛(wèi)生條件令人惡心，蒼蠅飛來飛去，旁邊就是一個豬圈。食品工業(yè)中家庭作坊的衛(wèi)生問題已經(jīng)由來已久。其中主要有兩個原因。第一個也是最重要的一個因素是人們?nèi)狈πl(wèi)生意識。許多作坊都是代代相傳的家庭生意，因此作坊主們習(xí)慣于使用并不怎么強調(diào)衛(wèi)生設(shè)施的傳統(tǒng)工藝。另一個原因在于有些生意人缺乏職業(yè)紀律。為了節(jié)省成本、創(chuàng)造更多的利潤，他們在骯臟的環(huán)境中使用最差的工具進行生產(chǎn)，而全然不顧消費者的健康。很多例子都可以證明在較差的衛(wèi)生條件下生產(chǎn)出來的食品會嚴重影響人們的健康和幸福。為了人們的利益，我們的政府已經(jīng)采取了積極的措施來倡導(dǎo)衛(wèi)生的重要性。那些有著不健康環(huán)境的非法食品作坊不能得到縱容，而必須得到嚴厲的懲罰和堅決的取締。閃光詞匯及詞組：family workshop: 家庭作坊neighborhood: n. 鄰近，附近hilarious: adj. 歡鬧的sanitation: n. 衛(wèi)生，衛(wèi)生設(shè)施hogpen: n. 豬圈food industry: 食品工業(yè)craftwork: n. 工藝short of: 缺乏，缺少regardless of: 不管，不顧for the sake of: 為了connive: v. 默許， 縱容， 放任， 假裝不見萬能句型：This picture describes the scene ofIt mainly attributes to two reasons. The first and perhaps key factor is The other reason lies on(8) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) suggest counter-measures.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.In the picture, we are amazed to find that the god of death is sitting maliciously on a bus whose driver dozed off while driving. It clearly tells us that in the domain of transportation, there are hidden dangers everywhere should we become careless.Traffic accidents have long been a problem since the invention of automobiles, and are becoming an increasingly severe problem because of the boom of population, as well as the mass production of all forms of automobiles. There are more reasons for this issue. Firstly, many truck drivers are forced to drive days and nights with little rest simply because their employers desire more profit. Secondly, a lot of citizens drive after drinking alcohol, reacting slowly when encountering emergency. Thirdly, quite a number of young people enjoy acceleration, but their limited driving skills frequently lead to tragedies.Judging from the analysis above, we may safely come to the conclusion that the daunting problem demands effective counter-measures. Most importantly, the government needs to implement sufficiently relevant laws and regulations in order to strengthen inspection. In addition, all residents should be aware of the hidden dangers in transportation and insist in keeping alert whenever driving.在這幅圖中，我們驚奇地看到死神正坐在一輛行駛的車上，惡毒地看著車中正在打瞌睡的司機。該圖顯然在告訴我們在交通領(lǐng)域，我們一旦不小心就會有許多潛在的危險。交通事故自從汽車發(fā)明以來就一直是一個問題，現(xiàn)在由于人口的增長和各種汽車的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)、這個問題變得越來越嚴重。此外，導(dǎo)致這個問題的原因還有很多。首先，很多卡車駕駛員被迫日夜不停地駕駛，因為他們的雇主想賺更多的利潤。第二，許多市民在酒后駕駛，一旦發(fā)生緊急情況他們的反應(yīng)會比較遲緩。第三，很多年輕人喜歡高速駕駛，但是他們的駕車技術(shù)有限，導(dǎo)致了很多悲劇。從上面的分析中，我們認為必須采取有效的措施來接決這一問題。最重要的是政府應(yīng)該采取充分的法律法規(guī)來加強監(jiān)管力度。此外，人們要普遍地意識到交通中許多潛在危險，因此我們在駕車的時候一定要保持警惕。閃光詞匯及詞組：malicious: adj. 惡意的，惡毒的doze off: v. 打瞌睡domain: n. 領(lǐng)域，范圍mass production: 大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)days and nights: 日日夜夜地encounter: v. 面對，面臨emergency: n. 緊急情況，突然事件alcohol: n. 酒，酒精acceleration: n. 快速駕車daunting: 使人畏縮的inspection: n. 檢查，視察萬能句型：In the picture, we are amazed to find thatIt clearly tells us thatThere are more reasons for this issue.Judging from the analysis above, we may safely come to the conclusion that

2019年解放軍文職招聘考試外科護理重要知識點：休克病人的護理評估之身體狀況-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊文職考試-紅師教育

2019年解放軍文職招聘考試外科護理重要知識點：休克病人的護理評估之身體狀況發(fā)布時間：2019-02-18 21:17:09休克病人的護理評估之身體狀況1.注意觀察患者的意識;皮膚色澤、呼吸及溫度。2.血壓：休克時收縮壓常低于90mmHg，脈壓小于20mmHg、脈搏：脈搏變化早于血壓變化，休克早期脈率增快，加重時脈細弱。3.尿量：是反映腎血流灌注情況的重要指標，尿量大于30ml/小時，表明休克有改善。根據(jù)休克情況可分為：1.休克早期：即微循環(huán)痙攣期，表現(xiàn)為煩躁不安，面色蒼白，皮膚濕冷，脈搏細速，血壓變化不大而脈壓縮小，尿量減少等。2.休克期：即微循環(huán)擴張期，表現(xiàn)為表情淡漠或神志不清，皮膚黏膜由蒼白轉(zhuǎn)為發(fā)紺或出現(xiàn)花斑，四肢厥冷，脈搏細速，血壓下降且脈壓更小，呼吸急促，少尿或無尿，并出現(xiàn)代謝性酸中毒。3.休克晚期：即微循環(huán)衰竭期，可出現(xiàn)無脈搏、無血壓、無尿、神志不清以及全身廣泛出血傾向。此期往往繼發(fā)心、肺、腎等器官的功能衰竭而死亡。